⑴ 互聯網金融領域的經典英文文獻有哪些
據我所知,英文文獻抄里並沒有對「互聯網金融」這個詞有個專門而明晰的概念。如果僅限於與Internet finance這個詞相關的論文,絕大部分都是近兩年中國人做出的論文。這些論文有些是全英文的,或許對樓主有幫助。但臆測而言,經典兩字肯定是談不上的。很多探討互聯網金融的文章都並非是以論文形式出現,其中絕大部分都指向中國。
所以,我得到的結論如下:
「互聯網金融」是中國近幾年互聯網產業蓬勃發展後產生的新詞,暫時沒有達成一致共識的明確的英文概念。樓主想要的經典英文文獻(僅限於學術性論文),至今應該還是沒有的。
⑵ 關於互聯網金融信息披露的外文文獻
2.信託
錢的投向
信託產品即所謂的「影子銀行」,也就是資金需求方繞開銀行直接向投資者借錢——資金多數投向了地方政府融資平台的某項目(例如拆遷)或者某企業的資金需求(例如新生產線)。這些融資方一般在其它資金渠道枯竭後才會考慮信託,因為信託借款的利息非常之高,從借款人的角度,付出的年利率一般在20%甚至更高,相比之下,銀行貸款的成本要低得多。
特點
(1)按照期限和借款人條件不同,信託計劃的預期收益率不同,目前年收益率大致在10%-15%之間。信託計劃收益率可以參考溫州民間借貸指數,這一指數反映的是民間借貸最為發達地區的公開借款成本,該利率反映的是借款者付出的成本,在此基礎上要扣除信託發行方以及渠道收益(一般在5%左右),才是投資者收益。
(2)合規的信託產品最低起投點是100萬,低於此門檻的產品多為集資購買這種擦邊球的方式(也就是許多人把錢交給一個人去買)。
(3)期限一般是1-3年為主,中途一般無法退出。
風險點
(1)絕大部分信託理財渠道會宣傳所謂的「剛性兌付」—— 也就是投資者一定會拿到本錢和利息,但實際上這是沒有根據的。13年開始也陸續出現了剛性兌付被部分打破的案例。去年10月份國務院發布《地方債務管理的意見》,明確表示中央政府不會替地方還債,之後信託發行量顯著下降。對於「剛性兌付」這一預期投資者要保持清醒,隨著清理規范地方政府融資行為及房地產業的下滑,打破剛性兌付的可能性越來越大。
(2)從信託資金的去向不難得出結論,信託借款人一般有兩個特徵:一是本身已高負債(其它低成本融資渠道枯竭,需要藉助信託這一高成本渠道);二是要為信託借款承受高額利息支出。用專業術語來說這一類企業都加了很高的債務杠桿(Leverage),資金鏈緊張。因此信託從本質上來說屬於高收益債(High Yield Bond),也叫垃圾債券。
(3)集資購買信託的行為進一步放大了風險,由於實際購買合同上只有一個人,而其他眾多集資人並不是法律上認可的信託計劃受益人,因此一旦出現購買人跑路的現象,集資人的權利難以保障。
3.股票
錢的投向
如果你是企業首次發行股票(IPO)時認購,那麼你的錢直接交給了上市公司;以後你是從其它投資者手上買入股票,錢並沒有進上市公司的口袋,但由於你獲得了股份,道理上來講你買了上市公司的一部分資產。
特點
(1)不確定的收益,且波動巨大,這一點不用多說。
(2)不確定的投資期限:你可以持有一天,也可以持有N年。
(3)較低的參與門檻:一般幾百塊錢就可以買股票。
(4)對投資者的真實要求高:知識、心理、操作等,但表面上看起來很簡單。
風險點
(1)對普通投資者來說,股市最大的風險是「你不知其中的風險」,多數人買賣是因為其他人在買賣,或者基於所謂的消息,而這種跟風的投資,最終總以虧損結束。
(2)由於股市的資金門檻低,參與人數多,加上各種媒體不停的炒作,對投資者形成巨大的心理影響和壓力。關於投資者心理的描述,我看過最好的一段是美國橡樹資本創始人Howard Marks寫的「投資者的投降」。
4.基金
錢的投向
按照基金類型的不同,投資者的錢被投向不同資產——股票基金投股票、債券基金買債券、貨幣基金主要是存款… 基金的可投資對象覆蓋了以上銀行理財、信託、股票市場的大部分,因此基金可以作為前面幾個投資渠道的替代方案,我們一一做比較。
風險點
(1)缺少系統科學的投資計劃,隨意地跟風買賣(炒基金)是基金投資者面臨的最大風險;基金本身的風險和這一點比起來其實要小得多。
(2)銷售機構重推銷,輕服務的現狀加劇了投資者跟風買賣的行為。
5.私募基金
錢的投向
和前面講的公募基金一樣,私募基金也是把錢交給基金經理管理,按照基金不同的投資方向策略進行投資。
特點
(1)投資范圍很廣,幾乎什麼都可以投:從股票、債券到未上市公司的股權(即所謂的股權私募基金)、金融衍生品(石油、黃金期貨…)、房地產、基建項目…
(2)投資策略比公募基金更豐富,更復雜。
(3)基金除了收固定的管理費,還收取業績提成。
(4)投資門檻和信託類似,一般百萬起。
(5)有較長的投資鎖定期(一般一年以上),期間不可退出,鎖定期之後定期開放退出(一般每個月開放一次)。
風險點
(1)非專業投資者很難真正理解私募基金的投資策略,因此難以判斷該投資到底是否合適自己 – 單純依賴管理人的過往歷史業績來進行判斷是目前大多數投資人的唯一手段,加上私募基金信息披露不規范,因此私募基金投資者比公募基金處於更大的信息劣勢。
(2)私募產品變現能力(流動性)差,除了較長的鎖定期外,還普遍存在懲罰性提前退出條款,當投資者發現基金錶現不及預期往往不能退出或者要遭受損失。
6.P2P網貸
錢的去向
P2P網貸是最近兩年逐漸出現的互聯網理財模式。大部分網貸採用「投標」的方式,在網上集合投資者的錢,通過P2P平台,貸給有資金需求的企業或個人。一部分P2P借款人是滿足個人消費(例如裝修,車...)。另一部分是小額生意周轉。
特點
(1)單筆交易小且分散
(2)期限多為幾個月到一年
(3)約定收益率參考信託,目前一般是每年8%-15%。
風險點
(1)交易完全在互聯網上進行,由於單一借款額小,P2P平台缺乏有效的低成本辦法逐個對借款人的資質進行風險評估,發生違約的可能性並不像想像的那麼低,甚至有的平台所宣傳的零風險。
(2)近似純信用貸款的模式,投資者和平台缺乏對借款人的實質性違約防範及保護。
(3)平台本身目前沒有適當的監管,一旦發生較嚴重的借款違約,平台本身可能倒閉,事實上從去年以來就不斷出現P2P平台跑路的情況。
⑶ 有關互聯網金融對商業銀行的影響及對策 的外文文獻,3篇!!!
已經為你准備好了關於互聯網金融對商業銀行的影響與對策研究的
⑷ 急求互聯網金融和中小企業融資相關的外文文獻!
互聯網金融的出現在一定程度上緩解了中小企業融資難問題,促進了中小企業發展.針對這種情專況屬,本文將從中小企業融資中常見問題入手,結合導致中小企業融資難的原因,對互聯網融資模式與優勢以及中小企業應用互聯網金融的方式展開研究,分析提高中小企業應用互聯網金融的方法,以便為中小企業提供新的籌資渠道與萬向.
⑸ 求有關互聯網金融對中小企業融資的影響的外文文獻,三篇!
研究中小企業融資要參考的英文文獻
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