㈠ 現有國際經濟治理機制存在哪些問題
一是現有世界經濟治理機制存在嚴重缺失。經濟全球化和新科技革命使世界日益成為各國經濟相互依賴的「地球村」。然而，這個「地球村」卻沒能形成有效的經濟治理機制，尤其是在世界性重大問題上，如維護世界和平，建立有序的國際金融、貨幣、貿易秩序，改善生態環境並減少全球溫室氣體排放，維護全球社會公平正義、擴大公眾參與，全球反恐、反毒品及其他犯罪等，都缺少合理有效的治理機制。現有的國際秩序和多邊國際組織都難以適應當前網路社會、開放世界、多元文化、跨境交流的發展需要。
二是國際金融、貨幣、貿易體系陷入嚴重無序。首先，國際金融體系缺少有效監管和對沖機制。美國華爾街取得了動員和配置全球金融資源的中心地位，卻不受多邊機制的制衡和監管，必然引發全球金融系統性風險和金融危機。其次，國際貨幣體系難以有效「約束」美元。1976年牙買加協議簽定以來，美元成為浮動匯率制下的紙幣信用「錨」。然而，當美元從布雷頓森林體系1盎司黃金兌35美元貶值到兌1400美元左右時，當金融市場一體化釋放出更大的美元波動風險時，當國際貨幣基金組織改革和特別提款權功能處於長期停滯狀態時，國際社會既無法建立「美元紀律」，也無法實施有效監管。再次，進一步推進世界多邊貿易自由化舉步維艱。這一輪多邊貿易開放談判（即多哈回合）被國際社會稱為「發展回合」，人們期望通過本回合談判，最終可以進一步推進貿易和投資自由化、便利化，進一步開放全球貿易和投資，改善全球共同利益和經濟福利，並造福於發展中國家和切實幫助全球窮人。然而，事實說明，要讓主要發達國家在國際金融危機後為了世界各國的共同利益尤其是發展中國家的利益而讓渡自己的部分經濟權利和利益非常困難。
三是現有世界經濟治理機制難以解決全球經濟失衡問題。現有世界經濟治理機制過度強調世界范圍內的經濟自由化和便利化，有意無意地忽視了「經濟發展」這個經濟全球化最重要的主題，從而造成全球公共產品供給嚴重不足、貧富差距持續擴大和窮國消費力嚴重萎縮等突出問題。對於一些涉及經濟發展的全球性重大議題，如發展援助、節能環保領域的技術轉讓、減少貧困等，特別是涉及全球經濟失衡的調整代價擔當分配時，主要發達經濟體採取各種方式推卸自己的責任，對外轉嫁危機風險，不願承擔國際宏觀經濟政策協調的調整代價，在積極推動自由化進程中基本上不考慮弱勢經濟體及弱勢人群的利益和扶助問題。
㈡ 止前世界上的國際金融監管組織有哪些
我知道的：來BIS（Bank for International Settlements 國際清自算銀行） BCBS（Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 巴塞爾銀行監管委員會）
㈢ 國際金融治理體系包括哪些金融機構
搭建跨國金融監管的溝通平台是全球多邊協調合作的重要方面，需在回各國之間以及具體負責金融監管的答各個國際組織，如國際清算銀行、巴塞爾銀行監管委員會等機構之間搭建平台，統一監管理念，防範系統性風險的爆發。
A、世界銀行
B、國際貨幣基金組織
C、亞洲基礎設施投資銀行
D、絲路基金
E、中非發展基金
以上5類金融機構均屬於金融治理體系范圍內。
㈣ 金融監管國際協調與合作的機制主要包括哪些內容
金融監管國際協調與合作的機制主要包括信息交換、政策的相互融合、危機管理、確定合作的中介目標及聯合。
㈤ 國際金融監管改革呈現五大趨勢是什麼
金融危機以來，國際金融監管改革主要任務是修復引發危機的「斷層線」，增強全球金融體系的安全穩健性，更好地滿足實體經濟金融需求。金融穩定體系包括：良好的宏觀經濟環境、穩健經營的金融機構、有深度廣度的金融市場、有效的金融安全網及完善的金融基礎設施。加強金融監管有三個層面：一是微觀審慎層面，主要是增強單個銀行機構的穩健性，具體包括資本充足性、流動性、杠桿率、大額風險集中度、公司治理、風險文化等方面。二是宏觀審慎層面，主要是防止系統性風險傳導、緩解順周期問題，包括解決「大而不倒」、化解影子銀行風險和加強逆周期資本補充。三是加強金融基礎設施建設方面，主要是完善會計、審計、外部評級、危機處置、OTC、中央交易對手、基準利率等。
國際金融監管改革呈現五個趨勢。第一，以巴塞爾協議Ⅲ資本監管為核心，覆蓋各類風險，對模型計量的態度更加謹慎，引入簡單的杠桿率作為兜底。第二，識別全球系統重要性銀行（G-SIBs），提高監管強度，制定恢復和處置計劃。第三，從關注銀行到關注非銀行，包括全球系統重要性保險公司（G-SII）、全球系統重要性非銀行非保險金融公司（G-NBNI）和影子銀行。影子銀行包括5種經濟功能：基金、信託等集合類投資，財務公司、租賃、保理等批發融資發放貸款，券商、貨幣經紀等融資融券，融資性擔保、信用保證等信用擔保，SIV、ABCP等資產證券化實體功能。第四，強調標准實施的國際一致性，標准要有統一的適用范圍、統一的時間表，評估要同步實施、規則一致、實施一致。第五，尋求多元目標，平衡簡單性，提高可比性和風險敏感性。
建議我國金融監管要時刻把握風險的動態變化，指導機構建立良好的風險文化、合理的公司治理架構工具和適當的激勵。要提高宏觀視野，注重監管措施的先後順序和內在邏輯一致性。關注政策的疊加效應，境外加強監管協調，境內加強金融監管與貨幣政策、財政政策、產業政策等其他宏觀政策的配合，整體提高宏觀經濟穩定性。在加強監管規則建設的同時，提高有效監管能力，避免因規則過於復雜而誘發監管套利行為、加重監管負擔。重視傳統監管手段的作用，通過有效監管施壓於銀行董事會和高管層。應進一步發揮信息披露和市場約束作用。
㈥ 從 巴塞爾協議 到 巴塞爾新資本協議 說明在國際金融監管中發生了哪些變化
一共有三個巴塞爾資本協議的版本。
Basel-1 ：1988年公布，核心內容是銀行最低資版本權本標准為資本充足率達到8%以上。
Basel-2：2004年公布，核心內容是提出了銀行業監管的三大支柱，即最大資本要求，監管部門的監管和市場紀律。同時，鼓勵銀行採用自己建立的內部評級法，來逐筆計量各類資產的風險，並相應到資本充足率上去，以此增強監管指標的風險敏感性。
Basel-3：2010年底確認，核心內容是增加對銀行的最低資本要求，優化監管資本的結構和質量，增加對流動性風險的監管，對表外風險的加強監控。總體看，basel-3總結了金融危機的教訓，更加重視對系統性風險的監管和防範。
㈦ 國際金融監管體制模式主要有哪些
我國的金融監管模式是：人民銀行即中國的央行為中國的政策性銀行，主專要負屬責宏觀金融政策法規、貨幣流通和貨幣的流通量；銀監會主要負責對商業銀行的監管；證監會主要負責對證券市場及相關參與者的監管；保監會主要負責對保險市場及其參與者的監管；國家外匯管理局主要負債對中國的外匯儲備及外匯市場管理和監管。
㈧ 全球知名金融監管機構有哪些
美國 ：商品制與期貨交易委員會 （CFTC）、美國證券交易委員會（SEC）
英國 ：金融行為管理局（FCA，原金融服務管理局）
塞普勒斯 ：塞普勒斯證券交易委員會（簡稱CySEC）
馬爾他 ：馬爾他金融服務局（MFSA）
日本 ：日本金融期貨協會（FFAJ） 、日本金融廳（FSA）
澳大利亞 ：澳大利亞證券和投資委員會（ASIC）
瑞士：瑞士金融市場管理局（FINMA）
德國：德國聯邦金融監管局（BaFin）
新加坡：新加坡金融監管局（MAS）
香港：香港證券及期貨事務監察委員會（SFC）
㈨ 世界上有哪些金融監管機構是有權威性的
美國 ：商品與來期貨交易委員會 （自CFTC）、美國證券交易委員會（SEC）
英國 ：金融行為管理局（FCA，原金融服務管理局）
塞普勒斯 ：塞普勒斯證券交易委員會（簡稱CySEC）
馬爾他 ：馬爾他金融服務局（MFSA）
日本 ：日本金融期貨協會（FFAJ） 、日本金融廳（FSA）
澳大利亞 ：澳大利亞證券和投資委員會（ASIC）
瑞士：瑞士金融市場管理局（FINMA）
德國：德國聯邦金融監管局（BaFin）
新加坡：新加坡金融監管局（MAS）
香港：香港證券及期貨事務監察委員會（SFC）
㈩ 急求經濟類外文文章，題目是關於國際金融監管發展趨勢
China has joined the WTO, foreign financial institutions with the continuous influx, is bound to China's financial regulatory bodies brought regulatory problems. This paper through the analysis of the international financial regulatory system in the organizational structure, legal system, supervision, self-discipline and supervision of international mechanisms, such as the development trend of China on the basis of financial supervision should be improved following areas: the establishment of an effective financial supervision organizations System, establish and improve financial supervision and legal system, improve China's financial supervision and management, establish and improve China's financial supervision and self-regulatory mechanism, strengthening financial supervision and international cooperation and exchanges.
Financial regulators around the world are facing the common task. Western countries in the long-term monitoring practice, accumulated a lot of useful experience and technology. Comparing countries in the world financial supervision and the different characteristics and trend of development, will help us explore suitable for China's national conditions of the road to financial supervision.
First, the international development trend of financial supervision
(A) the financial regulatory system to the organizational structure of the mixed system of supervision or monitoring of the instry completely mixed mode transition
States system of financial supervision and different organizational structure. Britain's David T Professor Lu Ailin in 1997 to 73 countries in financial supervision and structure study found that 13 countries a single body mixed supervision, 35 state banking, securities, insurance separate supervision , 25 countries of the mixed instry regulation, the latter including the unified supervision of the banking securities and insurance separate supervision (7); unified supervision of the banking insurance, securities regulation alone (13) and the Securities unified insurance regulation, banking supervision alone (three ) Three kinds of forms, and the impact of the financial operation mode, the designated professional regulatory body that is completely separate supervision on the number of countries in showing a decreasing trend, the national financial supervision organizations being part of mixed supervision or completely mixed supervision The mode of transition.
(B) financial supervision and showing a convergence of the rule of law, international development trends
The convergence of financial supervision and the rule of law is that all countries in the monitoring system and the specific mode of interaction, and mutual coordination of the increasingly close. As the economic, social cultural and traditional differences in the legal system, financial supervision and the rule of law in the formation of a certain style in the world have a greater impact on the two categories: First, the British model, known to non-institutionalized, Canada, Australia, New Zealand is an Such. The second is the American model, to standardize the world-famous, strict supervision, Japan, the European continent and more countries are such. Historically, the United Kingdom's financial sector supervision mainly taken the form of instry self-regulation, supervision of the Bank of England in the discharge of their ties formation of the informal style of supervision, not to strict laws and regulations as the basis, but often through moral persuasion, such as gentlemen's agreement to Achieve their goals while the United States is a legal system in the country said, the financial regulatory system as a model for regulating the management, supervision of numerous laws and regulations, the United States for the development of the financial instry to create a standardized and orderly, fair and competitive market environment. Since the 1970s, has two modes of mutual integration of the trend, the United Kingdom continued to the rule of law, law on construction while the United States to move closer to the British model, the deregulation of the enhanced regulatory flexibility.
With the deepening of the international financial, to financial institutions and business activities across national boundaries limitations, in this context, objectively speaking, countries will need the unique regulations and practices into a unified international framework, financial supervision and the rule of law Graal internationalization. Bilateral agreements, regional integration within the framework of monitoring the legal system, particularly the Basel Committee adopted a series of agreements, principles, standards and other countries in the world in the promotion and application of all countries in the world financial regulation will change impact on the legal system.
(C) financial supervision and pay more attention to risk control and supervision of the business innovation
From the regulatory content, the regulatory authorities of the countries in the world has achieved two key regulatory changes: First, pay attention to the regulatory compliance of regulatory compliance and risk control of both changes. Has been past the regulatory authorities will focus on monitoring compliance with regard that as long as the market properly formulate the rules of the game, and to ensure compliance with the implementation of market participants, will be able to achieve regulatory objectives. However, with the banking sector innovation and change, compliance and regulatory shortcomings constantly exposed, it is less sensitive market, banks can not reflect the risk, the corresponding regulatory measures also lag behind the development of the market. In view of this, international organizations and banking supervision in some countries regulatory authorities have launched a series of risk-based supervision of the prudent rules, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published the "core principles of effective banking supervision", "interest rate risk management principles" , To achieve the regulatory compliance of the regulatory supervision and risk control of both changes. Second, focus on traditional banking regulation and innovation to the traditional business operations both regulatory changes. With the continuous development of financial markets, financial innovations emerging procts, such as financial derivatives trading, online banking transactions and other business innovations, increase their income but also increases the risk, and more proliferation, the impact on the financial markets are more directly And fierce. Therefore, only focus on traditional banking supervision has been unable to fully and objectively reflect the situation of the risk of the banking sector, only "two-pronged", monitoring both traditional and innovative business operations and effectively guard against and defuse the banking instry's overall risk.
(D) increasing emphasis on financial supervision and financial institutions in internal control systems and instry self-regulatory mechanism to the internal controls of financial institutions to implement effective financial supervision is the prerequisite and basis. The world's financial regulatory practice shows that external financial supervision and a powerful force in any case, the degree of supervision and meticulous and careful in any case, if there is no financial institution's internal controls are compatible and work a half times the matter, the financial effect of regulation greatly reced. The management of foreign banks operating in the strong sense of internal control, as this is very important management ideas, throughout the operation and management system work. Foreign commercial banks to set up an independent specialized in general in other sectors, only to the highest authority responsible for the bank's internal audit institutions, and establish a sound internal control system. In recent years, because of Barings Bank, Daiwa Bank and Sumitomo Corporation and a series of serious incidents and internal control mechanism on all the deficiencies or ineffective implementation of a direct relationship between the international financial groups and financial institutions in shock aside, have started re - Review and examine their own internal situation, so as not to repeat the mistakes of others, the regulatory authorities in many countries and a number of important international organizations have begun to monitor the bank's internal control problems to give unprecedented attention.
Financial institutions with instry self-regulatory mechanism as the financial instry enhance security one of the important means by universal attention. To countries on behalf of the European continent, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands Institute of Bankers in countries such as credit agencies and some professional organizations in the instry to varying degrees, played a supervisory role. Despite the financial instry associations in various countries in the monitoring system status varied, but all countries in comparison to its financial regulatory system in the role.
(5) to the international financial supervision and direction of development
With the internationalization of financial deepening and development of countries the link between financial markets and dependence have been strengthened, and all kinds of risks in the transfer between countries, the spread is inevitable, such as the July 1997 outbreak of the crisis in Southeast Asia To spread to many countries, so that the entire world economy have been a strong shock. Internationalization of the financial demands of the international financial regulation itself, if countries in different regulatory measures on the elastic, will not only weaken the effect of national regulatory measures, but it will also lead to large-scale international speculative funds transfer, the impact of international financial stability. Therefore, the Western countries committed to the joint supervision of international banks, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, adopted by the "Basel Agreement" unity of the international definition of bank capital and capital standard rate. Various international monitoring organizations have also established and maintained cooperation and exchanges. Another manifestation of the international, national to transnational banking supervision more unified and standardized.
Second, the international financial supervision to the development trend of China's Inspiration
(A) the establishment of an effective system of financial supervision organizations
In 1998 China's financial regulatory system, formation of the People's Bank of China, the SFC, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission were monitoring banking, securities and insurance sub-sector supervision and management system, such a system adapted to the sub-instry of China's financial operation Institutional structures. But with the development of China's financial instry, the business model to meet the needs of graally revealed, the outstanding performance of the banking assets of the project is too concentrated, broker financing channels for poor, low efficiency of insurance capital investment. Then graally relax control management, such as allowing brokers to enter the inter-bank lending market and allow insurance funds to purchase investment funds entering the stock market and to allow the broker stock collateral loans, showing a trend of mixed operations. At the same time, some financial institutions began to follow foreign counterparts, the way to controlling the expansion of the scope of its business, such as the China Everbright Group and the CITIC Group-banking, securities and insurance business in one, a structure in line with international trends of the financial group's prototype. On the other hand, China's accession to the WTO, foreign financial institutions with the massive influx of foreign financial trend is bound to the operation mode of China's financial instry shocks and challenges. Therefore, we should learn from advanced foreign experience to China's financial supervision and organizational structure appropriate reforms to adapt to the changed economic and financial situation.
More developed countries, the regulatory approach, we believe that we can draw the United States consolidated supervision and regulation of the instry with the model, the establishment of the Authority as the country's financial supervisory authority, through the financial holding company to achieve the monitoring of the banking, securities and insurance business Comprehensive supervision, the professional regulatory bodies are still responsible for the supervision of their respective areas. National Financial Authority's main task is to address the financial regulatory vacuum to take timely measures, the financial regulatory bodies of the scope of responsibility of coordinating the various regulatory bodies conflicts of interest, and regulation of ownership, and so on.
This new organizational structure of financial supervision model can meet after the implementation of the operation mode of development of the financial instry's regulatory system requirements, but also to adapt to the business at this stage to the operation mode of the transition period regulatory requirements, it is an ideal Choice
(B) To establish and improve financial supervision and legal system
First of all, based on the domestic financial instry to the development of the status quo, the international financial regulatory changes and new trends in the world after foreign financial institutions merged the supervision of the needs of a timely job of waste regulations, reform, legislation work. Secondly, we must strengthen the financial regulation and law enforcement supervision, so that non-financial regulatory functions of financial regulation and law enforcement departments regulatory functions, such as legal departments, OIA sector.
(C) improve and perfect China's financial supervision, improve the efficiency of regulation
Will monitor compliance with the risk of the combination of monitoring, to check compliance of the premise, risk-based supervision, they both set up bank credit rating system, compliance and risk rating, to strengthen its banking Risk management and the identification and management, enhance self-binding, while the central bank for banks operating accurately grasp the situation and in accordance with the different levels of supervision of banks to adopt different measures to strengthen the supervision of the banking business innovations, such as Internet banking should be formally included in the financial The management of the establishment of specialized banking network access system, developed network security standards, the establishment of security authentication system. Should pay attention to strengthen the regulation can not stifle financial innovation and obstacles; use of modern technology on the implementation of financial operation dynamic, real-time, continuous risk monitoring, in order to promptly resolve regulatory risks increase efficiency.
(D) establish and improve China's financial supervision and self-regulatory mechanism
1, China's financial institutions improve the internal control system. Basically, China's financial institutions have formulated a set of internal control systems, but with the degree of China's financial markets continue to improve, we must further improve and perfect the internal control mechanism. First, a reasonable set of internal control agencies. To China's commercial banks as an example, although more common to set up an internal audit body, but most of all branches under the jurisdiction of lack of independence and authority, should learn from foreign experience, the establishment of the supreme body responsible for the OIA, to To ensure the highest concern about the practice of managers to any problems. Only in this way can we make the highest authority within the regulatory status of clear. Second, the establishment of financial institutions, the internal control audit and evaluation system. China's financial institutions in the self-restraint weak, not strong sense of internal control and supervision over-reliance on external circumstances, the establishment of internal audit and evaluation system is very important. Third, the adequacy of internal control to improve facilities, the establishment of efficient financial management information system. The use of modern computer tools, and information collection, processing, transmission, automation, and the sharing of information resources. Through the establishment of the database, the model, the way to achieve rapid, accurate and reasonable projections and analysis, providing internal control sources of information and the final decision-making support. Fourth, revise and improve the internal control system. Internal control system is the establishment and improvement of a dynamic process, all financial institutions must be timely in accordance with its business development and environmental change constantly revise and improve the internal control system to adapt to its dynamic business development and innovation of financial risk control needs.
2, the establishment of financial instry self-regulatory mechanism. From countries in the world financial system with instry self-regulation of the practice of the construction, trade associations or associations is to meet the financial instry trade protectionism and trade coordination and supervision of the needs of instry spontaneously formed and developed, from the development of China's financial instry analysis of the status quo, there is the financial instry And the rapid development of the financial regulatory authorities in monitoring the relative shortage of contradictions, there is an urgent need to establish the financial supervisory authorities to monitor from the Association Shiyibuque role of the financial system, the creation of a preserve with the instry and orderly competition and guard against financial risks, protect the interests of the members of the instry sectors Self-regulatory mechanism. Recommendations in the financial regulatory authorities to encourage and guide public opinion and the initiative of the spontaneous, on a voluntary basis, the establishment of financial instry trade associations, according to the different types of financial institutions, the establishment of various different parts of the financial trade associations, and on the basis of this form National Association of the financial liaison mechanism, given the financial instry trade associations have protection instry, instry coordination, trade regulation, trade cooperation and exchanges, and other functions.